Often, problems with the foundation arise not due to the fact that he has already served his own, but due to the fact that he was built at one time not “for glory”, but as it turns out, in conditions of limited funds and a short time. We cannot afford such negligence, because, having repaired the foundation once, to do this again, in life you will not want. So we are building with you, that is, we are repairing, for centuries! To do this, before starting directly to repair, you need to deal with the characteristics of the soil.
First of all, you need to learn about the depth of freezing of the soil in the area where you have a house. You can get this information in the construction organizations of the district. In the suburbs, the depth of freezing of the soil is almost 150 cm. When starting the repair, you will need to focus not to the depth of the old foundation, but to the depth of freezing of the soil. If the foundation is not laid below this mark, then the seasonal movements of the soil associated with freezing and thawing of the Earth can move or damage the foundation. The second characteristic of the soil that interests us is the level where groundwater lies. In principle, you can also find out the characteristics of the district, or you can check it yourself. To do this, you need to dig a hole next to the house at a depth of 2-2.5 meters, the water level in this pit will correspond to the level of groundwater. If the water is close to the surface- this is very bad and, perhaps, only a pile foundation (link to an article about the types of foundation) is suitable in this area of the house). The last calculation that must be carried out is the calculation of the pressure of the foundation on the ground, it should be no more than 1 kg/cm².
When all the calculations are completed, you can proceed to the work itself. Here we need to decide what we are changing to. For example, you can strengthen the strip foundation in columnar supports in a brick house. In the event that the old foundation has already begun to destroy the walls, before the start of work it will be necessary to unload them. To do this, you need to raise the roof. We begin work with the most destroyed wall. On top of the wall, you need to disassemble a special excavation under the jack and install it under the Mauerlat beam (this is the beam on which the rafters are held). With the help of a jack, lift the roof, and then rest it on a rack coming from the ground (it should stand not on the ground itself, but on a solid stand). Weight from the wall is removed. For reliability, you need to fasten the rack with a mauerlat beeerlat with an iron bracket, and you can start repairing the foundation. We will make a new support for the old foundation exactly under the unloaded area of the wall. If the wall is torn, it must be disassembled to the foundation, and the foundation in this place is to the ground. A hole breaks out at this place for the support of the foundation (as we recall, it should be lower than the soil freezes), the formwork for the support of the foundation is poured with concrete (for greater reliability it makes sense to make a support in the form of an inverted letter D) and is left for 2-3 days. After that, you can lay waterproofing and re -build a wall. In the event that the walls are still in good condition, but you decided to fix the foundation, raise the roof and disassemble the wall- just disassemble the foundation in those places where the supports are placed.
Now suppose the opposite situation when in a wooden house you need to replace the old column foundation with tape, and even raise the whole structure by about half a meter. In this case, the jack will help us again, only they will have to raise the roof, but the log house itself. It is not necessary to rush in this matter- each corner takes turns 1.5-2 cm in turn and is placed on temporary supports. Thus, the whole house gradually rises. If you try to speed up the process and raise the corner of the house at once by 5, the log house can expand, so it’s better not to take risks. After the house is raised to the desired level, you can put columnar supports under its corners, and put a strip foundation between them. It should pass through the entire perimeter of the building, as well as under the supporting walls. Thus, we not only put a new foundation and save the house from destruction, but also build the basement.
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